Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Change
Articles

The Role of Maternal Attachment Styles in Children’s Sleeping Habits, Feeding, and Adjustment to Nursery

Krisztina Bartha Partium Christian University image/svg+xml

Published 2025-12-30

Keywords

  • attachment styles,
  • responsiveness,
  • parenting styles,
  • separation

How to Cite

The Role of Maternal Attachment Styles in Children’s Sleeping Habits, Feeding, and Adjustment to Nursery. (2025). Papers in Arts and Humanities, 5(2), 75-93. https://doi.org/10.52885/f2dvmf44

Abstract

Research over the last fifty years has shown that the security and emotional stability experienced by an infant in the first year of life have an impact on the individual’s entire life, on how they respond to stressful situations, on how they raise their own children, on the dynamics of their relationships, and on their general psychological and physical state. That is why it is so important that today’s generation of adults be able to consciously develop the parenting style that will lead to more securely attached children growing up. Such a change would be a huge step forward in healthy psychological functioning; however, it would also require the individual to confront his or her own maladaptive functioning and attachment difficulties. According to my hypothesis, mothers with a secure attachment style are more likely to be responsive in parenting, and they are more supportive of their children during the separation period than those with anxious and dismissive attachment styles. The online questionnaire survey involved 113 respondents. One part of the questionnaire concerned the parenting practices used by the respondents in the first year of their children’s lives; another part concerned their experiences of settling in. In addition, the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) questionnaire was used to measure mothers’ attachment styles. The results show that mothers’ attachment styles affect both their responsiveness and their emotional and behavioral mechanisms during the separation of their children.

References

  1. Abuhammad, S., & Johnson, T. (2021). Breastfeeding and maternal attachment during the infancy period among Jordanian mothers: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 66, Article 102395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102395
  2. Adams, G. C., Stoopsa, M. A., & Skomro, R. P. (2014). Sleep tight: Exploring the relationship between sleep and attachment style across the life span. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(6), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.002
  3. Ainsworth, M. S., & Bell, S. M. (1970). Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Child Development, 41(1), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127388
  4. Ainsworth, M. S. (1985). Attachments across the lifespan. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 61(9), 792–812. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1911889/pdf/bullnyacadmed00065-0026.pdf
  5. Andersson, S. M., Schad, E., & Psouni, E. (2023). Transition to preschool: Paving the way for preschool teacher and family relationship-building. Child & Youth Care Forum, 31, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-023-09735-y
  6. Barry, E. S. (2019). Co-sleeping as a proximal context for infant development: The importance of physical touch. Infant Behavior and Development, 57, Article 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101385
  7. Beijers, R., Jansen, J., Riksen-Walraven, M., & de Weerth, C. (2011). Attachment and infant night waking: A longitudinal study from birth through the first year of life. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(9), 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e318228888d
  8. Benoit, D., Zeanah, C. H., Boucher, C., & Minde, K. K. (1992). Sleep disorders in early childhood: Association with insecure maternal attachment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(1), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199201000-00013
  9. Bernard, K., Peloso, E., Laurenceau, J. P., Zhang, Z., & Dozier, M. (2015). Examining change in cortisol patterns during the 10-week transition to a new child-care setting. Child Development, 86(2), 456–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12304
  10. Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.130.3.201
  11. Carrillo-Díaz, M., Ortega-Martínez, A. R., Ruiz-Guillén, A., Romero-Maroto, M., & González-Olmo, M. J. (2022). The impact of co-sleeping less than 6 months on children’s anxiety, oral habits, and malocclusion in a Spanish sample between 2 and 5 years old: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Orthodontics, 44(1), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab032
  12. Ciechanowski, P., Sullivan, M., Jensen, M., Romano, J., & Summers, H. (2003). The relationship of attachment style to depression, catastrophizing and health care utilization in patients with chronic pain. Pain, 104(3), 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00120-9
  13. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
  14. Higley, E., & Dozier, M. (2009). Nighttime maternal responsiveness and infant attachment at one year. Attachment & Human Development, 11(4), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730903016979
  15. Hoenicka, M. A. K., López-de-la-Nieta, O., Martínez Rubio, J. L., Shinohara, K., Neoh, M. J. Y., Dimitriou, D., Esposito, G., & Iandolo, G. (2022). Parental bonding in retrospect and adult attachment style: A comparative study between Spanish, Italian and Japanese cultures. PLoS One, 17(12), Article e0278185. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278185
  16. Jones, J. D., Beijers, R., Fraley, C. R., Gross, J. T., Cassidy, J., & de Weerth, C. (2020). Mothers’ attachment style as a predictor of breastfeeding and room-sharing practices. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 45(6), 654–662. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa032
  17. Kató, S., Pinér-Eszenyei, Z. G., Rando Hurtado, M. A., Csinády, A. K., & Szemán-Nagy, A. (2024). Associations of sexual dysfunction with problematic pornography use and attachment styles: A cross-sectional study of Hungarian-Spanish samples. European Psychiatry, 67(Suppl. 1), S49–S50. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.153
  18. Kendall-Tackett, K., Cong, Z., & Hale, T. W. (2011). The effect of feeding method on sleep duration, maternal well-being, and postpartum depression. Clinical Lactation, 2(2), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1891/215805311807011593
  19. Kim, C. Y., Smith, N. P., & Teti, D. M. (2024). Associations between breastfeeding, maternal emotional availability, and infant–mother attachment: The role of coparenting. Journal of Human Lactation, 40(3), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344241247207
  20. Ladd, G. W., Buhs, E. S., & Seid, M. (2000). Children’s initial sentiments about kindergarten: Is school liking an antecedent of early classroom participation and achievement? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 46(2), 255–279. https://doi.org/10.2307/3176100
  21. Linde, K., Lehnig, F., Nagl, M., & Kersting, A. (2020). The association between breastfeeding and attachment: A systematic review. Midwifery, 81, Article 102592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102592
  22. Ministerul Educației. (2023). Metodologie privind înscrierea copiilor în învățământul preșcolar [Anexa 1 la OM nr. 4319/2023]. [Methodology regarding the enrollment of children in preschool education] https://www.edu.ro/sites/default/files/_fișiere/Minister/2023/preuniversitar_root/inscriere_Educatie_timpurie/Anexa_1_OM_4319_2023_Metodologie_ET.pdf
  23. Nathanson, L., Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., & Brock, L. L. (2009). Kindergarten adjustment difficulty: The contribution of children’s effortful control and parental control. Early Education & Development, 20(5), 775–798. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280802571236
  24. Nordahl, D., Rognmo, K., Bohne, A., Landsem, I. P., Moe, V., Arfwedson Wang, C. E., & Sørensen Høifødt, R. (2020). Adult attachment style and maternal–infant bonding: The indirect path of parenting stress. BMC Psychology, 8, Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00424-2
  25. Nystad, K., Drugli, M. B., Lydersen, S., Lekhal, R., & Buøen, E. S. (2021). Toddlers’ stress during transition to childcare. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(2), 157–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1895269
  26. Őri, D., Kapornai, K., Baji, I., & Kiss, E. (2021). A Collins–Read Felnőtt Kötődési Skála pszichometriai jellemzőinek vizsgálata [Psychometric properties of the Collins–Read Adult Attachment Scale]. Ideggyógyászati Szemle, 74(3–4), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0087
  27. Riggs, S. A., & Jacobvitz, D. (2002). Expectant parents’ representations of early attachment relationships: Associations with mental health and family history. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.195
  28. Scher, A., & Asher, R. (2004). Is attachment security related to sleep-wake regulation? Mothers’ reports and objective sleep recordings. Infant Behavior & Development, 27(3), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.12.002
  29. Szalai, T. D. (2014). A korai kötődési minták és kötődési szorongás jelentősége az egészségben, betegségben, evészavarokban [The significance of early attachment patterns and attachment anxiety in health, illness, and eating disorders]. Kapocs, 13(3), 48–57. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335757009_A_korai_kotodesi_mintak_es_kotodesi_szorongas_jelentosege_az_egeszsegben_betegsegben_eveszavarokban
  30. Tatalović Vorkapić, S. (2025). Toddlers’ attachment behaviours and the quality of their transitions from home to kindergarten. Early Years, 1–14. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2025.2477584
  31. Winston, R., & Chicot, R. (2016). The importance of early bonding on the long-term mental health and resilience of children. London Journal of Primary Care, 8(1), 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2015.1133012